你是否曾想像过,有一天驾车上班的路上,不必再全神贯注地手把方向盘、脚踩刹车,而是悠闲地看报纸、喝茶或聊天,因为有全自动无人驾驶汽车载着你在车海中灵活穿行。如今,德国一家公司应用先进科技把无人驾驶汽车变成了现实。 1 g& e2 v8 h) ?+ F
: X9 G4 x4 x# Z7 p' v ●智能汽车无人开 - [. Z) |& V8 ?, F+ J) Q7 D1 V7 m , p, I( }. o" i) d h8 e 在无人驾驶技术研究方面位于世界前列的德国汉堡Ibeo公司研制的无人驾驶汽车,11日在英国伦敦科学博物馆与公众见面。这辆无人驾驶智能汽车经德国大众汽车公司生产的帕萨特2.0改装而成,外表看来与普通家庭汽车并无差别,但却可以在错综复杂的城市公路系统中无人驾驶。这归功于车内安装的无人驾驶设备,包括激光扫描仪、全球定位仪和智能计算机。 ) a$ ^& b- O) }: ] " b& x4 Y4 s' D2 f. m) B# M2 G 德国Team Lux公司已将这种无人驾驶技术应用于家庭车型。“目前,无人驾驶汽车还不能合法上路,但它早晚能做到,”Team Lux公司工作人员弗尔克尔•威尔霍夫特说,“我们能将这种(无人驾驶)设备安装在家庭汽车上,这将使我们的社会更加安全。” " h* |2 s H3 P, c, o& K8 @8 k
8 S1 y+ [3 }! c$ J
Ibeo公司发言人卡琳•迪普考特透露,Ibeo公司已经同全球几家主要汽车生产商,如大众、宝马、克莱斯勒等进行磋商,预计今年内能够投入生产。 - m$ x1 v& @* v! d, Y + K6 P. S' n" e) c7 l( x ●前后装了“两只眼” " x5 f; p8 X2 J
5 R3 v3 k: i/ m! j0 h/ k+ u0 J
Ibeo公司发言人迪普考特向参观者介绍了这款无人驾驶汽车的先进之处。 6 q6 e) l7 s! ], D) i8 D) B
: u3 b$ a; R8 m! v# d; }/ M3 ?( g3 j/ d
行驶过程中,车内安装的全球定位仪随时获取汽车所在准确方位的信息数据。 : h6 L# J1 G# Q, E. i5 j* G+ r7 h6 g e' F3 W* X; @0 P; C
隐藏在前灯和尾灯附近的激光扫描仪是汽车的“眼”,它们随时“观察”汽车周围约183米内的道路状况,构建三维道路模型。 * w( M0 k4 ]* F( c. v6 q; E3 z- N
除此之外,“眼”还能识别各种交通标识,如速度限制、红绿灯、车道划分、停靠点等,保证汽车在遵守交通规则的前提下安全行驶。 ; a5 b8 w5 |* p0 ]: z( H8 c2 `
( L2 H j( \5 T6 b, L( G 最后由无人驾驶汽车的“脑”———安装在汽车后备箱内的计算机,将两组数据汇合、分析,并根据结果向汽车传达相应的行驶命令。 / X" R; O! s, O1 l, ]3 C 0 f; k( {, x; u) w" W/ {9 C 多项先进科技确保这款无人驾驶汽车能够灵活换挡、加速、转弯、刹车甚至倒车。在茫茫车海和人海中,它能巧妙避开建筑、障碍物、其他车辆和行人,从容前行。 % j; a8 T; e; w9 A8 j7 A, ]& p" s2 w5 l0 y# d' A9 z
●接受都市挑战 / ^$ `$ }& X4 L( q' t6 X* m : y c0 x2 {% u: ]5 S! E# u Team Lux公司将携装有这种先进无人驾驶技术的汽车参加今年11月在美国举行的无人驾驶汽车拉力赛。 : _4 Z- E9 f, V
. Z" c/ P2 Q8 [8 d) r& u Y0 y
今年的比赛要求参赛汽车在美国某城市中心区行驶97公里,旨在考验无人驾驶汽车在错综复杂的城市交通系统下安全、快速行驶的能力。冠军将获得120万美元奖金。这一比赛由美国国防部高级研究计划局赞助,旨在为研发无人驾驶技术提供候选方案。比赛已分别于2005年和2003年举办两届。 ! G1 p' }+ P. v9 V/ y5 Q; P. ?
' `' A6 W9 G- {& a2 d4 i 2005年比赛在加利福尼亚州莫哈韦沙漠举行,4辆无人驾驶汽车成功穿越212公里崎岖路段到达终点。冠军“斯坦尼”还被着名《连线》杂志评为“最佳智能机器人”。+ I$ l$ k& r6 d7 U
+ v( w( R+ u$ g( L/ i" c! T $ z* Z: D* Q" SDriverless car goes on show in London4 f) l% x5 \; a( W5 j- G
) T& u7 f1 h8 F1 V* E
A car driven by a hi-tech ghost of laser sensors and computers has gone on exhibit in London, before it competes against other robot cars in the United States in November.3 c H6 W b) `0 Y1 o- K a
* K( Q/ M6 \. Q; ]: IThe Volkswagen Passat 2.0 TDI drives using two eye-like laser sensors in the front and one in the back that scan road conditions, buildings, other vehicles and pedestrians over a range of up to 200 metres. % S, v! \ V" T, t1 j+ U* D/ N) G, V( ^
An on-board computer digests and acts on the information using software developed by the Hamburg, Germany-based Ibeo Automobile Sensor company, said company experts displaying the car at the Science Museum in London. , ~- Z1 M: g! q# L/ ?% X J' D, r' q. E7 r4 a. i
In November, the car will compete against other driverless vehicles in the third annual US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Urban Challenge over a 60-mile course in America. N' _2 X3 O* }2 q
% g! P+ y7 D$ h5 u
"We are competing against the world's best in terms of automobile technology," Ibeo chief executive Ulrich Lages said. 1 V3 |3 ]3 C5 \5 [4 n2 H* ], ?2 B* S5 i& v% B! V
"Although we are a relatively small team and, unlike the big players, do not have a large budget, we believe we have a great chance at DARPA 2007," he said.+ @1 L7 E) |- d+ O, X1 k4 G& t
1 m, M# e; V7 u# D' ~) T"Our innovative laser technology gives us a lead of several years over our prospective rivals, especially in the field of object and environmental detection," he said. ; w" Q5 m3 }, U$ ]$ i E5 k- M4 j3 [% H& ?8 V# a9 b1 o! y
Christened LUX, the refitted Volkswagen that looks exactly like a standard road model is due to go into small-scale production next year and the firm hopes that its technology can eventually be used in production cars.4 m: [' s. {3 O4 y; n& O/ ?" R
6 w' U, d4 p+ z5 x ~At a conference in the US city of San Francisco in February, scientists predicted robot-driven cars could be shuttling humans around by the year 2030.