你是否曾想像过,有一天驾车上班的路上,不必再全神贯注地手把方向盘、脚踩刹车,而是悠闲地看报纸、喝茶或聊天,因为有全自动无人驾驶汽车载着你在车海中灵活穿行。如今,德国一家公司应用先进科技把无人驾驶汽车变成了现实。 + S. f4 v/ s* F, g1 K3 b : H& d& c& Q: s ●智能汽车无人开 * u! u& w% z8 T1 b+ w3 ^% ~. w% {" \- }% ~9 A. e, m
在无人驾驶技术研究方面位于世界前列的德国汉堡Ibeo公司研制的无人驾驶汽车,11日在英国伦敦科学博物馆与公众见面。这辆无人驾驶智能汽车经德国大众汽车公司生产的帕萨特2.0改装而成,外表看来与普通家庭汽车并无差别,但却可以在错综复杂的城市公路系统中无人驾驶。这归功于车内安装的无人驾驶设备,包括激光扫描仪、全球定位仪和智能计算机。 - }6 o. y; U1 z) G4 R/ B
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德国Team Lux公司已将这种无人驾驶技术应用于家庭车型。“目前,无人驾驶汽车还不能合法上路,但它早晚能做到,”Team Lux公司工作人员弗尔克尔•威尔霍夫特说,“我们能将这种(无人驾驶)设备安装在家庭汽车上,这将使我们的社会更加安全。” ; q) ~1 Z- y& L" Y+ V4 b5 |6 |( S7 K/ o/ @! }% {9 `
Ibeo公司发言人卡琳•迪普考特透露,Ibeo公司已经同全球几家主要汽车生产商,如大众、宝马、克莱斯勒等进行磋商,预计今年内能够投入生产。 3 i) F* {; j# [; h
; a' ]9 ?& \- m+ F ●前后装了“两只眼” 4 G/ I9 |+ c v5 C# y" b6 e: c
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Ibeo公司发言人迪普考特向参观者介绍了这款无人驾驶汽车的先进之处。 0 s7 T3 N: D( M/ |# S4 c7 B2 {6 o# @4 w3 c5 h/ I% j* s" M
行驶过程中,车内安装的全球定位仪随时获取汽车所在准确方位的信息数据。 $ a; F5 g1 b/ I5 O* g; k $ ~: e, l' g3 ~' x) q 隐藏在前灯和尾灯附近的激光扫描仪是汽车的“眼”,它们随时“观察”汽车周围约183米内的道路状况,构建三维道路模型。 : X0 \$ Z o4 x W) B$ F' }7 o" I4 O+ G2 n6 N/ Z- H- B' `- B
除此之外,“眼”还能识别各种交通标识,如速度限制、红绿灯、车道划分、停靠点等,保证汽车在遵守交通规则的前提下安全行驶。 / {: q* I2 `/ R- f3 `8 F$ A" d; t$ _
* F5 r/ v% q9 E1 L6 W" E) F2 N 最后由无人驾驶汽车的“脑”———安装在汽车后备箱内的计算机,将两组数据汇合、分析,并根据结果向汽车传达相应的行驶命令。 . [" R" ^# i8 K6 f+ j 1 J2 [7 n! A' ]2 B" n/ T% V 多项先进科技确保这款无人驾驶汽车能够灵活换挡、加速、转弯、刹车甚至倒车。在茫茫车海和人海中,它能巧妙避开建筑、障碍物、其他车辆和行人,从容前行。 E" s z2 Q" `
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●接受都市挑战 9 d" k% H' }! e- l2 M, y# _4 F
( ]$ l1 o, [4 f C% p) N, E Team Lux公司将携装有这种先进无人驾驶技术的汽车参加今年11月在美国举行的无人驾驶汽车拉力赛。 % b$ s5 _9 m# Q% y! }
2 }# u/ U; \" B 今年的比赛要求参赛汽车在美国某城市中心区行驶97公里,旨在考验无人驾驶汽车在错综复杂的城市交通系统下安全、快速行驶的能力。冠军将获得120万美元奖金。这一比赛由美国国防部高级研究计划局赞助,旨在为研发无人驾驶技术提供候选方案。比赛已分别于2005年和2003年举办两届。 / t* e* U; S2 M. L$ L |
# L4 I, d, r/ s3 R# b# \) z 2005年比赛在加利福尼亚州莫哈韦沙漠举行,4辆无人驾驶汽车成功穿越212公里崎岖路段到达终点。冠军“斯坦尼”还被着名《连线》杂志评为“最佳智能机器人”。 $ S8 [9 M9 m2 Z$ o 2 s# z+ j$ x$ @8 X6 L" c# g. ~1 r9 s$ q l! _. B6 M1 Q% J% t
Driverless car goes on show in London1 p" R' i$ G7 f, ^2 H
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A car driven by a hi-tech ghost of laser sensors and computers has gone on exhibit in London, before it competes against other robot cars in the United States in November. ; b8 B% U7 [0 t, f/ i% G: W$ ~ L/ d. u" u& e+ b3 n C6 E2 zThe Volkswagen Passat 2.0 TDI drives using two eye-like laser sensors in the front and one in the back that scan road conditions, buildings, other vehicles and pedestrians over a range of up to 200 metres. 9 x; j' N# w/ ? k/ N0 U/ [+ s; o! T5 R8 Q3 g& @" v; {5 F
An on-board computer digests and acts on the information using software developed by the Hamburg, Germany-based Ibeo Automobile Sensor company, said company experts displaying the car at the Science Museum in London.- F6 Z- Q4 ]3 Q: k& V
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In November, the car will compete against other driverless vehicles in the third annual US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Urban Challenge over a 60-mile course in America. 3 y* c5 \4 P9 `5 g; y" q$ h" A8 o+ ~% _( P% f6 n+ J7 Y3 k& ~
"We are competing against the world's best in terms of automobile technology," Ibeo chief executive Ulrich Lages said. - `* f1 t' l) G2 k8 X/ \3 X; Z5 ~ ; p% V3 _/ D y"Although we are a relatively small team and, unlike the big players, do not have a large budget, we believe we have a great chance at DARPA 2007," he said.9 {, C" `4 d% E
5 K4 _+ Y. G( [6 Z# J"Our innovative laser technology gives us a lead of several years over our prospective rivals, especially in the field of object and environmental detection," he said.5 B; a: D# P) r [
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Christened LUX, the refitted Volkswagen that looks exactly like a standard road model is due to go into small-scale production next year and the firm hopes that its technology can eventually be used in production cars. " _5 k& Z6 A3 B5 Q & a. j/ K& @7 p5 [" F* {9 f: @At a conference in the US city of San Francisco in February, scientists predicted robot-driven cars could be shuttling humans around by the year 2030.