2 L8 v1 f7 |# }7 e该遗址位于塞浦路斯首府尼科西亚西南约89公里处，考古学家认为这里原是一座面积达4000平方米的香水作坊。考古队队长贝尔焦诺说：「在发现这地方有多大时，我们都惊呆了。当时的香水生产一定达到了工业生产规模。」/ t' t- ~( v C7 x8 t/ E
* D, U' g! {: ~7 B) K在这座古作坊里，考古学家至少发现了60个保存完好的蒸馏器具、香料搅拌碗、漏斗和香水瓶。这些器具在公元前约1850年一次剧烈的火山喷发后被湮没，直至这次才重见天日。, t5 B2 [2 P ]) F ?& ~& T
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作为爱神阿芙罗狄蒂的出生地，大量香水的发现恰好与塞浦路斯的文化渊源相吻合。塞浦路斯文物机构的官员表示，有关爱神的许多神话都与香水有关，她巧妙地借助香水施展女性魅力。 # o& Q$ |/ Q7 R+ ~) ]( o9 w) L8 Z. t
这座古作坊散发著数种植物的混合香味。这些以希腊神话中女神们的名字命名的香水，萃取了数种天然植物混合而成。考古学家在一些石膏小瓶中发现了提取香料的植物，包括薰衣草、迷迭香以及橄榄油等。( w# x: ~4 h; G' \" c. x
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此番发现的香水现陈列在罗马卡比托奈山丘博物馆内。其中的4种香水已被科学家成功复制。2 ]# I* L2 Q0 J2 \7 b
$ Q: u( b1 D7 l' s6 Y4 g制作方法师从埃及人( b' O$ [3 V' `
+ ~5 `, K& @2 R6 [ v贝尔焦诺说，塞浦路斯人可能是从埃及人那里学到了制作香水的方法，因为当时两国关系密切。考古学家曾在一座古埃及的墓穴中发现过香水，这座墓穴被认为是公元前3000年前古埃及的一个皇族墓穴。在此发现的香水中混有植物油和动物油。 / a1 Y2 t" o8 ?& _( o0 C. I! I- L , `2 g% J: }) g香水对于古人而言不仅可发挥吸引嗅觉的作用，还因为其中的芳香树脂具有医药效用，在宗教祭典和葬礼仪式中使用。除香水外，此番在塞浦路斯发现的古香水作坊中还发现有炼铜铺子、酒窖和橄榄油榨取坊等遗迹。 * x1 g S e7 m" c- j' |# l! U- [' }
千年香水秘方 * v: U, E, z" p- Q9 F0 p# `6 `' z8 b
成分：薰衣草、迷迭香、松木、芫荽、欧芹、香柠檬、苦杏仁、月桂以及橄榄油等。 $ G) l# Y$ n, z4 ]1 @7 H3 Y6 v9 q+ A( w9 d+ |; L# F3 ]: V# k
制作方法：将碾碎的香草加进油和水里，再把混合物装进长颈小瓶中，最后将瓶子放在灰烬上烤１２小时。 4 M. P5 K+ t6 \- F$ o9 j' g. O* ]& A7 z: U( Q m+ i }
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「香水闻起来不错。」——女游客阿莱夏•阿凡纳塔& G8 c4 A2 T2 t& H
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「我能闻出有松脂味。」——参观者朱丽娅3 r3 C8 }- g o1 T
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来源：信息时报5 O. v9 ^* R% T
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4000-year-old perfumes found on Aphrodite's fabled island6 s J d& s0 Z4 ^% w9 S8 j5 W& P
The remains of ancient scents and bottles found on Cyprus have gone in display, writes Malcolm Moore.7 T, }( T p4 }/ R, y
; d. R1 X& b" `$ C+ ^. xITALIAN archaeologists have found the world's oldest perfumes on Cyprus. 7 g1 _3 `) ?$ E: N. T! p, m0 H0 O4 N- X; X) F- e$ {
The perfumes were scented with extracts of lavender, bay, rosemary, pine or coriander and kept in tiny translucent alabaster bottles. 1 f3 |1 X8 w! |% J * ], e. ?( |+ I h# kThe remaining traces found at Pyrgos, in the south of the island, are more than 4000 years old. M- g* Y1 M5 g2 \6 d, f
, H2 D4 I' x9 i, ?& B7 {" \7 `They were discovered inside what archaeologists believe was an 3995-square-metre perfume-making factory.% R w7 P; `& e- F2 l2 W' B. n: ]
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"We were astonished at how big the place was," the leader of the archaeological team, Maria Rosa Belgiorno, said. "Perfumes must have been produced on an industrial scale."$ i: c I3 \' F; Y. t" Y
& z2 L; b2 e( r4 U( mAt least 60 stills, mixing bowls, funnels and perfume bottles were perfectly preserved at the site, which had been blanketed in earth after a violent earthquake about 1850BC.5 ?) P( W2 e) |& ~* e4 a
; N; X/ M# d. e- Z" Y6 K( L1 D- ]( \The abundance of perfumes fits well with Cyprus' mythological status as the birthplace of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. % T% P6 |4 Y' C f$ H) \ $ g8 y! W9 W3 D% l5 l"The goddess' myth was strongly linked to the perfume she used to get what she wanted," the head of Cyprus' antiquities department, Pavlos Flourentzos, said. Z! x' b" ~4 f6 g0 D/ a# ?4 t # x5 B/ C* F* C* A8 mThe finds are now on display at the Capitoline Museum in Rome. # w: p1 t/ S, p- e! @8 P 5 I) W. z& [# s5 C# |" Q3 e9 NFour of the perfumes have been re-created from residues found at the site. 2 q! C/ }( c9 | L! p" |1 l6 Y$ | }; [3 {/ H9 }% |7 ?
An Italian foundation, which aims to re-create antique traditions, distilled them according to techniques described by Pliny the Elder, by grinding the herbs, adding them to oil and water, and burying them in a long-necked jug over hot embers for 12 hours.' s- x/ Y& G% E# C" ?* Z
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"It smells good, but strong," museum visitor Alessia Affinata, 30, said. "I can smell the pine especially," said Giulia Occhi Villavecchia, 23.% ~. E# y1 |2 }# B. C. X
9 S1 G& U- T$ I9 ^6 mNeither was sure they would actually wear them.
图片附件: [Fragments of ancient perfume jars found at Pyrgos, Cyprus.] perfumes.jpg (2007-3-24 10:10, 17.02 KB) / 下载次数 93 http://5.35.249.64/bbs/attachment.php?aid=249682&k=badf001fbe610a0ec960c548f42fc5a5&t=1786274304&sid=TU298D
图片附件: [Fragments of ancient perfume jars found at Pyrgos, Cyprus.] perfumes.jpg (2007-3-24 10:10, 17.02 KB) / 下载次数 93